Move lessons to separate folder

Signed-off-by: Konstantin Aladyshev <aladyshev22@gmail.com>

3 files changed, 397 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Lessons/Lesson_34/README.md b/Lessons/Lesson_34/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..933237f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lessons/Lesson_34/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+Let's create a simple UEFI driver.
+
+Up until now we've created only UEFI applications. The main difference between application and a driver is a fact that application is unloaded from the memory after its execution. But the driver is a thing that stays in memory. And while it stays there it can provide usefull protocols for other applications to use.
+
+
+Let's create a simplest driver UefiLessonsPkg/SimpleDriver/SimpleDriver.inf
+```
+[Defines]
+  INF_VERSION                    = 1.25
+  BASE_NAME                      = SimpleDriver
+  FILE_GUID                      = 384aeb18-105d-4af1-bf17-5e349e8f4d4c
+  MODULE_TYPE                    = UEFI_DRIVER
+  VERSION_STRING                 = 1.0
+  ENTRY_POINT                    = SimpleDriverEntryPoint
+
+[Sources]
+  SimpleDriver.c
+
+[Packages]
+  MdePkg/MdePkg.dec
+
+[LibraryClasses]
+  UefiDriverEntryPoint
+  UefiLib
+```
+Things that have changed from our usual INF file:
+- The `MODULE_TYPE` is `UEFI_DRIVER` (earlier we've always used `UEFI_APPLICATION`),
+- The `ENTRY_POINT` is `SimpleDriverEntryPoint` (earlier we've always used `UefiMain`, but the driver operates with Entry/Unload functions, so it is better to start to give them proper names),
+- `UefiDriverEntryPoint` library class is used (earlier we've always used `UefiApplicationEntryPoint`). In case you wonder about `UefiDriverEntryPoint` library internals take a look into https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/tree/master/MdePkg/Library/UefiDriverEntryPoint
+
+Now let's write *.c source file UefiLessonsPkg/SimpleDriver/SimpleDriver.c
+
+The only function that we need to implement is our entry function `SimpleDriverEntryPoint` that we've declared:
+```
+#include <Library/UefiBootServicesTableLib.h>
+#include <Library/UefiLib.h>
+
+EFI_STATUS
+EFIAPI
+SimpleDriverEntryPoint (
+  IN EFI_HANDLE        ImageHandle,
+  IN EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE  *SystemTable
+  )
+{
+  Print(L"Hello from driver!\n");
+
+  return EFI_SUCCESS;
+}
+```
+
+Include this driver in the components section of our `UefiLessonsPkg/UefiLessonsPkg.dsc`:
+```
+[Components]
+  ...
+  UefiLessonsPkg/SimpleDriver/SimpleDriver.inf
+```
+If you try to build, the process would fail:
+```
+build.py...
+/home/aladyshev/tiano/edk2/UefiLessonsPkg/UefiLessonsPkg.dsc(...): error 4000: Instance of library class [UefiDriverEntryPoint] is not found
+        in [/home/aladyshev/tiano/edk2/UefiLessonsPkg/SimpleDriver/SimpleDriver.inf] [X64]
+        consumed by module [/home/aladyshev/tiano/edk2/UefiLessonsPkg/SimpleDriver/SimpleDriver.inf]
+```
+As usually we need to find proper library implementation:
+```
+$ grep UefiDriverEntryPoint -r ./ --exclude-dir=Build | grep LIBRARY_CLASS
+./MdePkg/Library/UefiDriverEntryPoint/UefiDriverEntryPoint.inf:  LIBRARY_CLASS                  = UefiDriverEntryPoint|DXE_DRIVER DXE_RUNTIME_DRIVER UEFI_DRIVER SMM_CORE DXE_SMM_DRIVER
+```
+And place it in our DSC:
+```
+[LibraryClasses]
+  ...
+  UefiDriverEntryPoint|MdePkg/Library/UefiDriverEntryPoint/UefiDriverEntryPoint.inf
+```
+
+Build, copy file to our QEMU shared folder and run OVMF.
+
+First let's try to execute it as an app:
+```
+FS0:\> SimpleDriver.efi
+The image is not an application.
+```
+As you see this action is not possible.
+
+To load driver we need to use `load` shell command:
+```
+FS0:\> load -? -b
+Loads a UEFI driver into memory.
+
+LOAD [-nc] file [file...]
+
+  -nc  - Loads the driver, but does not connect the driver.
+  File - Specifies a file that contains the image of the UEFI driver (wildcards are
+         permitted).
+
+NOTES:
+  1. This command loads a driver into memory. It can load multiple files at
+     one time. The file name supports wildcards.
+  2. If the -nc flag is not specified, this command attempts to connect the
+     driver to a proper device. It might also cause previously loaded drivers
+     to be connected to their corresponding devices.
+  3. Use the 'UNLOAD' command to unload a driver.
+
+EXAMPLES:
+  * To load a driver:
+    fs0:\> load Isabus.efi
+
+  * To load multiple drivers:
+    fs0:\> load Isabus.efi IsaSerial.efi
+
+  * To load multiple drivers using file name wildcards:
+    fs0:\> load Isa*.efi
+
+  * To load a driver without connecting it to a device:
+    fs0:\> load -nc IsaBus.efi
+```
+
+Use this command to load our driver:
+```
+FS0:\> load SimpleDriver.efi
+Hello from driver!
+Image 'FS0:\SimpleDriver.efi' loaded at 6646000 - Success
+```
+
+Now let's try to use `dh` command to look at our driver handle:
+```
+FS0:\> dh -? -b
+Displays the device handles in the UEFI environment.
+
+DH [-l <lang>] [handle | -p <prot_id>] [-d] [-v]
+
+  -p     - Dumps all handles of a protocol specified by the GUID.
+  -d     - Dumps UEFI Driver Model-related information.
+  -l     - Dumps information using the language codes (e.g. ISO 639-2).
+  -sfo   - Displays information as described in Standard-Format Output.
+  -v     - Dumps verbose information about a specific handle.
+  handle - Specifies a handle to dump information about (a hexadecimal number).
+           If not present, then all information will be dumped.
+
+NOTES:
+  1. When neither 'handle' nor 'prot_id' is specified, a list of all the
+     device handles in the UEFI environment is displayed.
+  2. The '-d' option displays UEFI Driver Model related information including
+     parent handles, child handles, all drivers installed on the handle, etc.
+  3. The '-v' option displays verbose information for the specified handle
+     including all the protocols on the handle and their details.
+  4. If the '-p' option is specified, all handles containing the specified
+     protocol will be displayed. Otherwise, the 'handle' parameter has to be
+     specified for display. In this case, the '-d' option will be enabled
+     automatically if the '-v' option is not specified.
+
+EXAMPLES:
+  * To display all handles and display one screen at a time:
+    Shell> dh -b
+
+  * To display the detailed information on handle 0x30:
+    Shell> dh 30
+
+  * To display all handles with 'diskio' protocol:
+    Shell> dh -p diskio
+
+  * To display all handles with 'LoadedImage' protocol and break when the screen is
+    full:
+    Shell> dh -p LoadedImage -b
+```
+
+If you'll execute it without any parameters, you'll get all handles in the system. And our driver would be the last one:
+```
+FS0:\> dh
+...
+C6: ImageDevicePath(..F,0xFBFC1)/\SimpleDriver.efi) LoadedImage(\SimpleDriver.efi)
+```
+You can print more verbose output for our handle:
+```
+FS0:\> dh -d -v c6
+C6: 664C998
+ImageDevicePath(664A018)
+  PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1,0x1)/Ata(0x0)/HD(1,MBR,0xBE1AFDFA,0x3F,0xFBFC1)/\SimpleDriver.efi
+LoadedImage(664A440)
+  Revision......: 0x00001000
+  ParentHandle..: 6EE5D18
+  SystemTable...: 79EE018
+  DeviceHandle..: 6E36798
+  FilePath......: \SimpleDriver.efi
+  PdbFileName...: /home/aladyshev/tiano/edk2/Build/UefiLessonsPkg/RELEASE_GCC5/X64/UefiLessonsPkg/SimpleDriver/SimpleDriver/DEBUG/SimpleDriver.dll
+  OptionsSize...: 0
+  LoadOptions...: 0
+  ImageBase.....: 6646000
+  ImageSize.....: 16C0
+  CodeType......: EfiBootServicesCode
+  DataType......: EfiBootServicesData
+  Unload........: 0
+```
+
+
+You can load more instanses of our driver, this is not a problem:
+```
+FS0:\> load SimpleDriver.efi
+Hello from driver!
+Image 'FS0:\SimpleDriver.efi' loaded at 6619000 - Success
+FS0:\> load SimpleDriver.efi
+Hello from driver!
+Image 'FS0:\SimpleDriver.efi' loaded at 6617000 - Success
+FS0:\> load SimpleDriver.efi
+Hello from driver!
+Image 'FS0:\SimpleDriver.efi' loaded at 6613000 - Success
+```
+
+If you look at dh now, there would be multiple handles from our driver:
+```
+FS0:\> dh
+...
+C6: ImageDevicePath(..F,0xFBFC1)/\SimpleDriver.efi) LoadedImage(\SimpleDriver.efi)
+C7: ImageDevicePath(..F,0xFBFC1)/\SimpleDriver.efi) LoadedImage(\SimpleDriver.efi)
+C8: ImageDevicePath(..F,0xFBFC1)/\SimpleDriver.efi) LoadedImage(\SimpleDriver.efi)
+C9: ImageDevicePath(..F,0xFBFC1)/\SimpleDriver.efi) LoadedImage(\SimpleDriver.efi)
+```
+
+To unload driver from memory you can utilize `unload` command:
+```
+FS0:\> unload -?
+Unloads a driver image that was already loaded.
+
+UNLOAD [-n] [-v|-verbose] Handle
+
+  -n           - Skips all prompts during unloading, so that it can be used
+                 in a script file.
+  -v, -verbose - Dumps verbose status information before the image is unloaded.
+  Handle       - Specifies the handle of driver to unload, always taken as hexadecimal number.
+
+NOTES:
+  1. The '-n' option can be used to skip all prompts during unloading.
+  2. If the '-v' option is specified, verbose image information will be
+     displayed before the image is unloaded.
+  3. Only drivers that support unloading can be successfully unloaded.
+  4. Use the 'LOAD' command to load a driver.
+
+EXAMPLES:
+  * To find the handle for the UEFI driver image to unload:
+    Shell> dh -b
+
+  * To unload the UEFI driver image with handle 27:
+    Shell> unload 27
+```
+
+But it is now possible to use it now as our driver don't have an Unload function. If you'll look at the earlier output of `dh -d -v c6` command, you can see that `Unload........: 0`.
+
+Therefore if you'll try to unload our driver you'll get an error:
+```
+FS0:\> unload c6
+Unload - Handle [664C998].  [y/n]?
+y
+Unload - Handle [664C998] Result Unsupported.
+```
+If you'll execute `dh`, you would still see that our driver handle is still present in the system.
+
+# Add unload function
+
+Now let's try add unload function to our driver. Add it to the INF file UefiLessonsPkg/SimpleDriver/SimpleDriver.inf:
+```
+[Defines]
+  ...
+  ENTRY_POINT                    = SimpleDriverEntryPoint
++ UNLOAD_IMAGE                   = SimpleDriverUnload
+```
+And add some simple implementation to the *.c file UefiLessonsPkg/SimpleDriver/SimpleDriver.c:
+```
+EFI_STATUS
+EFIAPI
+SimpleDriverUnload (
+  EFI_HANDLE ImageHandle
+  )
+{
+  Print(L"Bye-bye from driver!\n");
+
+  return EFI_SUCCESS;
+}
+```
+
+If you try to execute `dh -d -v` on the handle from this driver you'll get something like:
+```
+FS0:\> dh -d -v c6
+C6: 664CA98
+ImageDevicePath(664C618)
+  PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1,0x1)/Ata(0x0)/HD(1,MBR,0xBE1AFDFA,0x3F,0xFBFC1)/\SimpleDriver.efi
+LoadedImage(664A240)
+  Revision......: 0x00001000
+  ParentHandle..: 6EE5D18
+  SystemTable...: 79EE018
+  DeviceHandle..: 6E36798
+  FilePath......: \SimpleDriver.efi
+  PdbFileName...: /home/aladyshev/tiano/edk2/Build/UefiLessonsPkg/RELEASE_GCC5/X64/UefiLessonsPkg/SimpleDriver/SimpleDriver/DEBUG/SimpleDriver.dll
+  OptionsSize...: 0
+  LoadOptions...: 0
+  ImageBase.....: 6646000
+  ImageSize.....: 1780
+  CodeType......: EfiBootServicesCode
+  DataType......: EfiBootServicesData
+  Unload........: 6647047
+```
+As you can see now `Unload` string is filled with a pointer to the driver unload function.
+
+Before preforming an unload take a look at the ImageBase address with `dmem`:
+```
+FS0:\> dmem 6646000 A0
+Memory Address 0000000006646000 A0 Bytes
+  06646000: 4D 5A 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  *MZ..............*
+  06646010: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  *................*
+  06646020: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  *................*
+  06646030: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 80 00 00 00  *................*
+  06646040: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  *................*
+  06646050: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  *................*
+  06646060: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  *................*
+  06646070: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  *................*
+  06646080: 50 45 00 00 64 86 02 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  *PE..d...........*
+  06646090: 00 00 00 00 F0 00 2E 00-0B 02 00 00 40 14 00 00  *............@...*
+```
+`MZ` signature signifies the header of a PE/COFF image (*.efi file). So our driver is actually there.
+
+Now perform unload:
+```
+FS0:\> unload c6
+Unload - Handle [664CF18].  [y/n]?
+y
+Bye-bye from driver!
+Unload - Handle [664CF18] Result Success.
+```
+
+Look at the memory again:
+```
+FS0:\> dmem 6646000 A0
+Memory Address 0000000006646000 A0 Bytes
+  06646000: AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF-AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF  *................*
+  06646010: AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF-AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF  *................*
+  06646020: AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF-AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF  *................*
+  06646030: AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF-AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF  *................*
+  06646040: AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF-AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF  *................*
+  06646050: AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF-AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF  *................*
+  06646060: AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF-AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF  *................*
+  06646070: AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF-AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF  *................*
+  06646080: AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF-AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF  *................*
+  06646090: AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF-AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF  *................*
+```
+As you can see in was automatically freed.
+
+
+One more notice. If you'll load your image again, it would have a handle with C7 number. Number C6 would be skipped:
+```
+C5: ...
+C7: ImageDevicePath(..F,0xFBFC1)/\SimpleDriver.efi) LoadedImage(\SimpleDriver.efi)
+```
+
diff --git a/Lessons/Lesson_34/UefiLessonsPkg/SimpleDriver/SimpleDriver.c b/Lessons/Lesson_34/UefiLessonsPkg/SimpleDriver/SimpleDriver.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd96d17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lessons/Lesson_34/UefiLessonsPkg/SimpleDriver/SimpleDriver.c
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#include <Library/UefiBootServicesTableLib.h>
+#include <Library/UefiLib.h>
+
+
+EFI_STATUS
+EFIAPI
+SimpleDriverUnload (
+  EFI_HANDLE ImageHandle
+  )
+{
+  Print(L"Bye-bye from driver!\n");
+
+  return EFI_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+EFI_STATUS
+EFIAPI
+SimpleDriverEntryPoint (
+  IN EFI_HANDLE        ImageHandle,
+  IN EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE  *SystemTable
+  )
+{
+  Print(L"Hello from driver!\n");
+
+  return EFI_SUCCESS;
+}
diff --git a/Lessons/Lesson_34/UefiLessonsPkg/SimpleDriver/SimpleDriver.inf b/Lessons/Lesson_34/UefiLessonsPkg/SimpleDriver/SimpleDriver.inf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6008c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lessons/Lesson_34/UefiLessonsPkg/SimpleDriver/SimpleDriver.inf
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[Defines]
+  INF_VERSION                    = 1.25
+  BASE_NAME                      = SimpleDriver
+  FILE_GUID                      = 384aeb18-105d-4af1-bf17-5e349e8f4d4c
+  MODULE_TYPE                    = UEFI_DRIVER
+  VERSION_STRING                 = 1.0
+  ENTRY_POINT                    = SimpleDriverEntryPoint
+  UNLOAD_IMAGE                   = SimpleDriverUnload
+
+[Sources]
+  SimpleDriver.c
+
+[Packages]
+  MdePkg/MdePkg.dec
+
+[LibraryClasses]
+  UefiDriverEntryPoint
+  UefiLib
+