Add lesson 51

Signed-off-by: Konstantin Aladyshev <aladyshev22@gmail.com>

7 files changed, 491 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Lessons/Lesson_51/Man1.png b/Lessons/Lesson_51/Man1.png
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+++ b/Lessons/Lesson_51/Man1.png
diff --git a/Lessons/Lesson_51/Man2.png b/Lessons/Lesson_51/Man2.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2488668
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lessons/Lesson_51/Man2.png
diff --git a/Lessons/Lesson_51/README.md b/Lessons/Lesson_51/README.md
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@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+Every command in UEFI Shell has a help message which you can read if you supply command with a `-?` argument. For example:
+```
+Shell> reset -?
+Resets the system.
+
+RESET [-w [string]]
+RESET [-s [string]]
+RESET [-c [string]]
+
+  -s     - Performs a shutdown.
+  -w     - Performs a warm boot.
+  -c     - Performs a cold boot.
+  string - Describes a reason for the reset.
+
+NOTES:
+  1. This command resets the system.
+  2. The default is to perform a cold reset unless the -w parameter is
+     specified.
+  3. If a reset string is specified, it is passed into the Reset()
+     function, and the system records the reason for the system reset.
+```
+
+In this lesson we would investigate how we can add this help/man functionality to our application.
+
+The Shell module responsible for the man finding and parsing is `ShellManParser`:
+- https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/blob/master/ShellPkg/Application/Shell/ShellManParser.h
+- https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/blob/master/ShellPkg/Application/Shell/ShellManParser.c
+
+If you look close at the module `ProcessManFile` function you'll see that besides everything it tries to:
+- open image protocol by `gEfiHiiPackageListProtocolGuid`
+- if found, register recieved Package list with `gHiiDatabase->NewPackageList`
+- go through all possible string IDs with a help of `HiiGetString`
+- if `ManFileFindTitleSection` function returns true for some string, execute `ManFileFindSections`
+
+`ManFileFindTitleSection` basically searches for a string that has a special man formatting.
+
+You could learn more about this formatting from the UEFI Shell specification (https://uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/UEFI_Shell_Spec_2_0.pdf)
+
+![Manual Page Syntax1](Man1.png?raw=true "Manual page1")
+![Manual Page Syntax2](Man2.png?raw=true "Manual page2")
+
+# Create an app with a minimal manual
+
+Let's create an application with a manual.
+
+Use shell script to create app from template:
+```
+./createNewApp.sh HIIStringsMan
+```
+
+Add newly created app to the UefiLessonsPkg/UefiLessonsPkg.dsc:
+```
+[Components]
+  UefiLessonsPkg/HIIStringsMan/HIIStringsMan.inf
+```
+
+As you remember `ShellManParser` searched for the manual strings in the `gEfiHiiPackageListProtocolGuid` protocol data. Therefore our manual strings we need to include directly in the image resource section UefiLessonsPkg/HIIStringsMan/HIIStringsMan.inf:
+```
+[Defines]
+  ...
+  UEFI_HII_RESOURCE_SECTION      = TRUE
+
+[Sources]
+  ...
+  Strings.uni
+```
+
+Here is a minimal content for our strings file UefiLessonsPkg/HIIStringsMan/Strings.uni:
+```
+#langdef en-US "English"
+
+#string STR_HELP        #language en-US ""
+".TH HIIStringsMan 0 "Simple application with a manual inside."\r\n"
+".SH NAME\r\n"
+"HIIStringsMan application.\r\n"
+```
+
+If you build our application and try to execute it, there wouldn't be any help now:
+```
+FS0:\> HIIStringsMan.efi -?
+No help could be found for command 'HIIStringsMan.efi'.
+FS0:\>
+```
+
+This is because our program don't reference string tokens and they got optimized in the build process `Build/UefiLessonsPkg/RELEASE_GCC5/X64/UefiLessonsPkg/HIIStringsMan/HIIStringsMan/DEBUG/HIIStringsManStrDefs.h`:
+```
+//
+//Unicode String ID
+//
+// #define $LANGUAGE_NAME                                       0x0000 // not referenced
+// #define $PRINTABLE_LANGUAGE_NAME                             0x0001 // not referenced
+// #define STR_HELLO_WORLD_HELP_INFORMATION                     0x0002 // not referenced
+```
+
+To fix it add this string to our `UefiLessonsPkg/HIIStringsMan/HIIStringsMan.c` file:
+```
+GLOBAL_REMOVE_IF_UNREFERENCED EFI_STRING_ID mStringHelpTokenId = STRING_TOKEN(STR_HELP);
+```
+
+You can verify after the build that now string is not optimized `Build/UefiLessonsPkg/RELEASE_GCC5/X64/UefiLessonsPkg/HIIStringsMan/HIIStringsMan/DEBUG/HIIStringsManStrDefs.h`:
+```
+//
+//Unicode String ID
+//
+// #define $LANGUAGE_NAME                                       0x0000 // not referenced
+// #define $PRINTABLE_LANGUAGE_NAME                             0x0001 // not referenced
+#define STR_HELP                                             0x0002
+```
+
+If you execute our application you would get:
+```
+FS0:\> HIIStringsMan.efi -?
+HIIStringsMan application.
+```
+
+# Expand our manual
+
+Let's try to add all possible sections to our manual:
+```
+#langdef en-US "English"
+
+#string STR_HELP        #language en-US ""
+".TH HIIStringsMan 0 "Simple application with a manual inside."\r\n"
+".SH NAME\r\n"
+"HIIStringsMan application.\r\n"
+".SH SYNOPSIS\r\n"
+"This is the synopsis section.\r\n"
+".SH DESCRIPTION\r\n"
+"This is the description section.\r\n"
+".SH OPTIONS\r\n"
+"This is the options section.\r\n"
+".SH RETURN VALUES\r\n"
+"This is the return values section.\r\n"
+".SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\r\n"
+"This is the section for used environment variables\r\n"
+".SH FILES\r\n"
+"This is the section for files associated with the subject.\r\n"
+".SH EXAMPLES\r\n"
+"This is the section for examples and suggestions.\r\n"
+".SH ERRORS\r\n"
+"This is the section for errors reported by the command.\r\n"
+".SH STANDARDS\r\n"
+"This is the section for conformance to applicable standards.\r\n"
+".SH BUGS\r\n"
+"This is the section for errors and caveats.\r\n"
+".SH CATEGORY\r\n"
+"This is the section for categories.\r\n"
+".SH CUSTOMSECTION\r\n"
+"This is an example of a custom section.\r\n"
+```
+
+If you build and execute our app now, you would get:
+```
+FS0:\> HIIStringsMan.efi -?
+HIIStringsMan application.
+This is the synopsis section.
+This is the description section.
+This is the options section.
+This is the section for examples and suggestions.
+```
+
+As you can see not all section were printed. Let's find out why.
+
+First of all let's investigate what happens when we add `-?` to our command. If you look at the shell sources you'll see that if shell find `-?` as one of the command arguments it redirects command and all the rest arguments to the `help` command https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/blob/master/ShellPkg/Application/Shell/Shell.c:
+```
+/**
+  Reprocess the command line to direct all -? to the help command.
+  if found, will add "help" as argv[0], and move the rest later.
+  @param[in,out] CmdLine        pointer to the command line to update
+**/
+EFI_STATUS
+DoHelpUpdate(
+  IN OUT CHAR16 **CmdLine
+  )
+{
+  ...
+      if (StrStr(CurrentParameter, L"-?") == CurrentParameter) {
+        CurrentParameter[0] = L' ';
+        CurrentParameter[1] = L' ';
+        NewCmdLineSize = StrSize(L"help ") + StrSize(*CmdLine);
+        NewCommandLine = AllocateZeroPool(NewCmdLineSize);
+        if (NewCommandLine == NULL) {
+          Status = EFI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES;
+          break;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // We know the space is sufficient since we just calculated it.
+        //
+        StrnCpyS(NewCommandLine, NewCmdLineSize/sizeof(CHAR16), L"help ", 5);
+        StrnCatS(NewCommandLine, NewCmdLineSize/sizeof(CHAR16), *CmdLine, StrLen(*CmdLine));
+        SHELL_FREE_NON_NULL(*CmdLine);
+        *CmdLine = NewCommandLine;
+        break;
+      }
+  ...
+}
+```
+
+You can verify that result would be the same if you use `help` command directly to our program:
+```
+FS0:\> help HIIStringsMan.efi
+HIIStringsMan application.
+This is the synopsis section.
+This is the description section.
+This is the options section.
+This is the section for examples and suggestions.
+```
+
+Now look at the `help` command source code https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/blob/master/ShellPkg/Library/UefiShellLevel3CommandsLib/Help.c:
+```
+SHELL_STATUS
+EFIAPI
+ShellCommandRunHelp (
+  IN EFI_HANDLE        ImageHandle,
+  IN EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE  *SystemTable
+  )
+  ...
+        //
+        // Get the section name for the given command name
+        //
+        if (ShellCommandLineGetFlag(Package, L"-section")) {
+          StrnCatGrow(&SectionToGetHelpOn, NULL, ShellCommandLineGetValue(Package, L"-section"), 0);
+        } else if (ShellCommandLineGetFlag(Package, L"-usage")) {
+          StrnCatGrow(&SectionToGetHelpOn, NULL, L"NAME,SYNOPSIS", 0);
+        } else if (ShellCommandLineGetFlag(Package, L"-verbose") || ShellCommandLineGetFlag(Package, L"-v")) {
+        } else {
+          //
+          // The output of help <command> will display NAME, SYNOPSIS, OPTIONS, DESCRIPTION, and EXAMPLES sections.
+          //
+          StrnCatGrow (&SectionToGetHelpOn, NULL, L"NAME,SYNOPSIS,OPTIONS,DESCRIPTION,EXAMPLES", 0);
+        }
+  ...
+}
+```
+
+Here you can see how `help` parses its incoming arguments:
+- by default the sections NAME, SYNOPSIS, OPTIONS, DESCRIPTION, EXAMPLES are printed,
+- it is possible to print particular section with a `-section <SECTION NAME>` argument,
+- it is possible to print all sections by supplying `-verbose` or `-v` argument
+
+You can verify this in shell:
+```
+FS0:\> help HIIStringsMan.efi -v
+HIIStringsMan application.
+This is the synopsis section.
+This is the description section.
+This is the options section.
+This is the return values section.
+This is the section for used environment variables
+This is the section for files associated with the subject.
+This is the section for examples and suggestions.
+This is the section for errors reported by the command.
+This is the section for conformance to applicable standards.
+This is the section for errors and caveats.
+This is the section for categories.
+This is an example of a custom section.
+FS0:\> help HIIStringsMan.efi -section BUGS
+This is the section for errors and caveats.
+```
+The same goes for the `-?`:
+```
+FS0:\> HIIStringsMan.efi -? -section "RETURN VALUES"
+This is the return values section.
+FS0:\> HIIStringsMan.efi -? -verbose
+HIIStringsMan application.
+This is the synopsis section.
+This is the description section.
+This is the options section.
+This is the return values section.
+This is the section for used environment variables
+This is the section for files associated with the subject.
+This is the section for examples and suggestions.
+This is the section for errors reported by the command.
+This is the section for conformance to applicable standards.
+This is the section for errors and caveats.
+This is the section for categories.
+This is an example of a custom section.
+```
+
+# How the ShellManParser is called
+
+We've started this lesson with the assumption that `ShellManParser` will parse our application strings. Let's investigate how `help` program would end up using this module.
+
+
+In the end `ShellCommandRunHelp` would call `ShellPrintHelp` function https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/blob/master/ShellPkg/Library/UefiShellLevel3CommandsLib/Help.c:
+```
+SHELL_STATUS
+EFIAPI
+ShellCommandRunHelp (
+  IN EFI_HANDLE        ImageHandle,
+  IN EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE  *SystemTable
+  )
+  ...
+  Status = ShellPrintHelp(CommandToGetHelpOn, SectionToGetHelpOn, FALSE);
+  ...
+}
+```
+
+This function is defined https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/blob/master/ShellPkg/Library/UefiShellLib/UefiShellLib.c. It mainly call the `GetHelpText` function from the `EFI_SHELL_PROTOCOL`:
+```
+EFI_STATUS
+EFIAPI
+ShellPrintHelp (
+  IN CONST CHAR16     *CommandToGetHelpOn,
+  IN CONST CHAR16     *SectionToGetHelpOn,
+  IN BOOLEAN          PrintCommandText
+  )
+{
+  ...
+  Status = gEfiShellProtocol->GetHelpText (CommandToGetHelpOn, SectionToGetHelpOn, &OutText);
+  ...
+}
+```
+
+
+Here is a description for this function from the UEFI Shell Specification:
+```
+EFI_SHELL_PROTOCOL.GetHelpText()
+
+Summary:
+Return help information about a specific command.
+
+Prototype:
+typedef
+EFI_STATUS
+(EFIAPI *EFI_SHELL_GET_HELP_TEXT) (
+ IN CONST CHAR16 *Command,
+ IN CONST CHAR16 *Sections,
+ OUT CHAR16 **HelpText
+ );
+
+Parameters:
+Command		Points to the null-terminated UEFI Shell command name.
+Sections	Points to the null-terminated comma-delimited section names to return. If NULL, then all sections will be returned.
+HelpText	On return, points to a callee-allocated buffer containing all specified help text. 
+```
+
+Prototype for the `EFI_SHELL_PROTOCOL` structure in edk2 is in the https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/blob/master/MdePkg/Include/Protocol/Shell.h
+```
+typedef struct _EFI_SHELL_PROTOCOL {
+  ...
+  EFI_SHELL_GET_HELP_TEXT                   GetHelpText;
+  ...
+} EFI_SHELL_PROTOCOL;
+```
+
+And initialization for this protocol is in the https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/blob/master/ShellPkg/Application/Shell/ShellProtocol.c
+```
+EFI_SHELL_PROTOCOL         mShellProtocol = {
+  ...
+  EfiShellGetHelpText,
+  ...
+}
+```
+
+This function is defined in the same file above, and if you look at its definition you'll see that it is calling function from the `ProcessManFile` module.
+
+
diff --git a/Lessons/Lesson_51/UefiLessonsPkg/HIIStringsMan/HIIStringsMan.c b/Lessons/Lesson_51/UefiLessonsPkg/HIIStringsMan/HIIStringsMan.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..569f2d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lessons/Lesson_51/UefiLessonsPkg/HIIStringsMan/HIIStringsMan.c
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include <Library/UefiBootServicesTableLib.h>
+#include <Library/UefiLib.h>
+
+GLOBAL_REMOVE_IF_UNREFERENCED EFI_STRING_ID mStringHelpTokenId = STRING_TOKEN(STR_HELP);
+
+EFI_STATUS
+EFIAPI
+UefiMain (
+  IN EFI_HANDLE        ImageHandle,
+  IN EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE  *SystemTable
+  )
+{
+  return EFI_SUCCESS;
+}
diff --git a/Lessons/Lesson_51/UefiLessonsPkg/HIIStringsMan/HIIStringsMan.inf b/Lessons/Lesson_51/UefiLessonsPkg/HIIStringsMan/HIIStringsMan.inf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf2afd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lessons/Lesson_51/UefiLessonsPkg/HIIStringsMan/HIIStringsMan.inf
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[Defines]
+  INF_VERSION                    = 1.25
+  BASE_NAME                      = HIIStringsMan
+  FILE_GUID                      = 55fd4de5-0f19-4a23-a001-72bef56f8966
+  MODULE_TYPE                    = UEFI_APPLICATION
+  VERSION_STRING                 = 1.0
+  ENTRY_POINT                    = UefiMain
+  UEFI_HII_RESOURCE_SECTION      = TRUE
+
+[Sources]
+  HIIStringsMan.c
+  Strings.uni
+
+[Packages]
+  MdePkg/MdePkg.dec
+
+[LibraryClasses]
+  UefiApplicationEntryPoint
+  UefiLib
diff --git a/Lessons/Lesson_51/UefiLessonsPkg/HIIStringsMan/Strings.uni b/Lessons/Lesson_51/UefiLessonsPkg/HIIStringsMan/Strings.uni
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6e0635
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lessons/Lesson_51/UefiLessonsPkg/HIIStringsMan/Strings.uni
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#langdef en-US "English"
+
+#string STR_HELP        #language en-US ""
+".TH HIIStringsMan 0 "Simple application with a manual inside."\r\n"
+".SH NAME\r\n"
+"HIIStringsMan application.\r\n"
+".SH SYNOPSIS\r\n"
+"This is the synopsis section.\r\n"
+".SH DESCRIPTION\r\n"
+"This is the description section.\r\n"
+".SH OPTIONS\r\n"
+"This is the options section.\r\n"
+".SH RETURN VALUES\r\n"
+"This is the return values section.\r\n"
+".SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\r\n"
+"This is the section for used environment variables\r\n"
+".SH FILES\r\n"
+"This is the section for files associated with the subject.\r\n"
+".SH EXAMPLES\r\n"
+"This is the section for examples and suggestions.\r\n"
+".SH ERRORS\r\n"
+"This is the section for errors reported by the command.\r\n"
+".SH STANDARDS\r\n"
+"This is the section for conformance to applicable standards.\r\n"
+".SH BUGS\r\n"
+"This is the section for errors and caveats.\r\n"
+".SH CATEGORY\r\n"
+"This is the section for categories.\r\n"
+".SH CUSTOMSECTION\r\n"
+"This is an example of a custom section.\r\n"
diff --git a/Lessons/Lesson_51/UefiLessonsPkg/UefiLessonsPkg.dsc b/Lessons/Lesson_51/UefiLessonsPkg/UefiLessonsPkg.dsc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c409dfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lessons/Lesson_51/UefiLessonsPkg/UefiLessonsPkg.dsc
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+[Defines]
+  DSC_SPECIFICATION              = 0x0001001C
+  PLATFORM_GUID                  = 3db7270f-ffac-4139-90a4-0ae68f3f8167
+  PLATFORM_VERSION               = 0.01
+  PLATFORM_NAME                  = UefiLessonsPkg
+  SKUID_IDENTIFIER               = DEFAULT
+  SUPPORTED_ARCHITECTURES        = X64
+  BUILD_TARGETS                  = RELEASE
+
+
+[LibraryClasses]
+  UefiApplicationEntryPoint|MdePkg/Library/UefiApplicationEntryPoint/UefiApplicationEntryPoint.inf
+  UefiBootServicesTableLib|MdePkg/Library/UefiBootServicesTableLib/UefiBootServicesTableLib.inf
+  DebugLib|MdePkg/Library/UefiDebugLibConOut/UefiDebugLibConOut.inf
+  BaseLib|MdePkg/Library/BaseLib/BaseLib.inf
+  #PcdLib|MdePkg/Library/BasePcdLibNull/BasePcdLibNull.inf
+  PcdLib|MdePkg/Library/DxePcdLib/DxePcdLib.inf
+  BaseMemoryLib|MdePkg/Library/BaseMemoryLib/BaseMemoryLib.inf
+  RegisterFilterLib|MdePkg/Library/RegisterFilterLibNull/RegisterFilterLibNull.inf
+  PrintLib|MdePkg/Library/BasePrintLib/BasePrintLib.inf
+  DebugPrintErrorLevelLib|MdePkg/Library/BaseDebugPrintErrorLevelLib/BaseDebugPrintErrorLevelLib.inf
+  UefiLib|MdePkg/Library/UefiLib/UefiLib.inf
+  MemoryAllocationLib|MdePkg/Library/UefiMemoryAllocationLib/UefiMemoryAllocationLib.inf
+  DevicePathLib|MdePkg/Library/UefiDevicePathLib/UefiDevicePathLib.inf
+  UefiRuntimeServicesTableLib|MdePkg/Library/UefiRuntimeServicesTableLib/UefiRuntimeServicesTableLib.inf
+  ShellCEntryLib|ShellPkg/Library/UefiShellCEntryLib/UefiShellCEntryLib.inf
+  ShellLib|ShellPkg/Library/UefiShellLib/UefiShellLib.inf
+  FileHandleLib|MdePkg/Library/UefiFileHandleLib/UefiFileHandleLib.inf  
+  HiiLib|MdeModulePkg/Library/UefiHiiLib/UefiHiiLib.inf
+  SortLib|MdeModulePkg/Library/UefiSortLib/UefiSortLib.inf
+  UefiHiiServicesLib|MdeModulePkg/Library/UefiHiiServicesLib/UefiHiiServicesLib.inf
+  UefiDriverEntryPoint|MdePkg/Library/UefiDriverEntryPoint/UefiDriverEntryPoint.inf
+  #SimpleLibrary|UefiLessonsPkg/Library/SimpleLibrary/SimpleLibrary.inf
+  #SimpleLibrary|UefiLessonsPkg/Library/SimpleLibraryWithConstructor/SimpleLibraryWithConstructor.inf
+  SimpleLibrary|UefiLessonsPkg/Library/SimpleLibraryWithConstructorAndDestructor/SimpleLibraryWithConstructorAndDestructor.inf
+
+[Components]
+  UefiLessonsPkg/SimplestApp/SimplestApp.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/HelloWorld/HelloWorld.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/ImageHandle/ImageHandle.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/ImageInfo/ImageInfo.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/MemoryInfo/MemoryInfo.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/SimpleShellApp/SimpleShellApp.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/ListVariables/ListVariables.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/ShowBootVariables/ShowBootVariables.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/InteractiveApp/InteractiveApp.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/PCDLesson/PCDLesson.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/SmbiosInfo/SmbiosInfo.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/ShowTables/ShowTables.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/AcpiInfo/AcpiInfo.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/SaveBGRT/SaveBGRT.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/ListPCI/ListPCI.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/SimpleDriver/SimpleDriver.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/PCIRomInfo/PCIRomInfo.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/Library/SimpleLibrary/SimpleLibrary.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/Library/SimpleLibraryWithConstructor/SimpleLibraryWithConstructor.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/SimpleLibraryUser/SimpleLibraryUser.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/SimpleClassProtocol/SimpleClassProtocol.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/SimpleClassUser/SimpleClassUser.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/HotKeyDriver/HotKeyDriver.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/ShowHII/ShowHII.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/HIIStringsC/HIIStringsC.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/HIIStringsUNI/HIIStringsUNI.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/HIIStringsUNIRC/HIIStringsUNIRC.inf
+  UefiLessonsPkg/HIIStringsMan/HIIStringsMan.inf
+
+[PcdsFixedAtBuild]
+  gUefiLessonsPkgTokenSpaceGuid.PcdMyVar32_2|44
+